CystitisInflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a urinary tract infection (IMVP).Bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and it can also lead to more serious problems if the kidneys enter the kidneys and rise.
In rare cases, cystitis may be a response to certain medications, radiation therapy, or other stimuli: feminine hygiene, sperm gel, or spray for long-term use of urine catheters.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Often, bacterial cystitis requires prescription antibiotics.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on its cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis include:
The imperative (sudden and very intense) impulse to urinate
False urination
Burn during urination
Urinate frequently, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine, bright smell
Discomfort in the pelvic area
Lower abdominal pressure pressure
Sub-release body temperature (from 37 degrees to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) may also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
If your symptoms are characterized by a kidney infection, seek medical help right away, especially:
Back pain or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent, painful urination, lasting for more than hours
Blood in urine.
If this isn't the first episode of cystitis, it's especially important to consult a doctor.
If you have just completed the treatment process and your symptoms have recovered, consult your doctor immediately.
If your child has a daytime ruin, call your pediatrician
Causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urine system is to eliminate slag in the body.The kidneys filter the blood, release primary urine from it, and then secondary urine is released; secondary urine flows through the ureter and enters the bladder, where it accumulates for several hours, and then the bladder is filled, and the person feels the urge to urinate and emptys the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinary infections usually occur when bacteria from outside pass through the urethra and begin to reproduce there.In most cases, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially after the first sexual intercourse in a woman’s life.However, even sexually inactive girls and women are susceptible to infections in the lower urinary tract, because genital women are usually bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non-infectious cystitis
Nebakterialnym citizenitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of chronic inflammation of the bladder (also known as a syndrome of painful bladder) are still unclear.Most often found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Drug cystitis.Certain drugs, chemotherapy drugs can cause cystitis when they accumulate in the bladder and stimulate its walls.
Radiation cystitis.Radiation treatment in the pelvic area can lead to inflammatory changes in bladder tissue.
Cystitis of foreign bodies.Prolonged use of the urinary catheter increases the risk of bacterial infection and tissue damage; both of these factors can lead to cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may increase their sensitivity to chemicals contained in jacuzzi tubs, female sanitary sprays, sperm gels and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation - typical symptoms that cause cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes, cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy, or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurrent urinary tract infections than others.First, the risk factor is the female floor – the short urethra makes women more vulnerable before the disease.
Among women, who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual intercourse can cause Protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive methods.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with sperm gel are more likely to have cystitis.
Pregnant.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Hormonal changes in menopause women are usually common IMVP.
Other risk factors for cystitis in men and women include:
Urine disorder.It may be caused by a stone in the bladder or an enlarged prostate (person).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.Suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and in some cases increases viral cystitis.
Long-term use of urinary catheter.Older people and people with certain diseases may require long-term use of urine catheters.This often leads to increased vulnerability before bacterial infection and direct damage to bladder tissue.
In men without any predisposing factors - cystitis is rare.
Complications of cystitis
With rapid and appropriate treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can cause more serious illnesses.
Complications of cystitis include first pyelonephritis (infectious renal inflammation).Inflamed bladder infection may fall into the kidney, which may in turn cause pyelonephritis or even irreversible damage to kidney tissue (glomerular sclerosis).
Early childhood and older people have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, because IMVP symptoms are often overlooked or mistakenly mistakenly considered by doctors for symptoms of other diseases.
Prepare for a doctor's visit
If you or your child has cystitis characteristics, you should make an appointment with your doctor.First, you should be examined by a pediatrician, therapist, or general practitioner, and then, if he thinks it is necessary, you will be pointed to a urologist or nephrologist.With estimated reception hours, you can make a list to reduce and optimize communication time with your doctor:
Write down your symptoms, including those that are not related to cystitis
List all medicines, vitamins, or food additives you receive
Write down the question you want to ask the doctor
For example, you might ask your doctor:
What is most likely to cause my illness?
What other checks do I need to do?
What factors do you think contribute to the development of cystitis?
Which treatment do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what will you treat me next?
What side effects can be expected from the prescribed treatment process?
What are the risks of repeating this question?
What should I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need consultation with a stenosis expert, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions you have with you during a conversation with your doctor.
Your doctor may ask you many questions, such as:
When did you notice these symptoms first?
Have you received treatment for a urinary tract infection earlier?
How are the discomforts you experienced?
How often do you wet?
How much does it last after urination?
Do you have lower back pain?
Have your temperature risen?
Have you noticed the excretion from the blood from the vagina or urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use facial cream for contraception?Which one?
Are you not pregnant?
Are you taking medications, biosupplements, or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever used a urine catheter?
Diagnosing cystitis
In addition to asking about your symptoms and physical tests, your doctor can recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General urine analysisThis test is used as Skriningovy and is used as a diagnostic test.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in the increased white blood cells, red blood cells and nitrites.
Asepticity was analyzed.If a bladder infection is suspected, the doctor may perform a urine analysis for infertility, which will show the type of bacteria in the urine and its number.
General blood testsThis analysis showed nonspecific inflammatory changes in leukocytes and could indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.In this study, doctors introduced a cystoscope - a thin tube with a backlight and a camera that enters the bladder through the urethra and examines it from within to study signs of structural abnormalities and inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also collect a small portion of fabric (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, all patients with cystitis did not show cystoscopy but were patients with recurrent or nebulized cysts.
Visualisiruyushchie method.These research methods are not required by all patients, but are only for those who cannot find the cause of IMVP recurrence in other ways.For example, an overview of the abdomen radiograph or ultrasound examination of the retroperitoneal space can identify structural abnormalities in the bladder, ureter and kidney.In some cases, comparisons are performed before radiographing, ascending (cyst) or descending (intravenous urinary map).
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis caused by bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non-infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First-line antibiotics are drugs that target enteric activity, or those bacteria found in the urine during seeding.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve significantly in the first few days of treatment, but doctors may insist on continuing treatment for three to seven days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Repeated infection.If you have a relapse of IMVP, your doctor may recommend using longer antibiotic treatments, or directing you to a specialized treatment for urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of the relapse.For some women with the frequent bacteria S. e.g., a single dose of antibiotic may be useful after each intercourse.
Hospital infection.Hospital viral infections of the bladder can be very difficult because the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the main antibiotics used to treat extracystic pathological infections.Therefore, doctors can prescribe several antibiotics at a time.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The causes of interstitial cystitis development remain uncertain, and therefore there is no universal treatment option suitable for all patients.Doctors can try the following treatments:
Oral preparation or direct administration to the bladder.
Local procedures to relieve symptoms, such as bladder stretching, filling with water or gas.
Excitation of nerves with light electrical pulses (physical) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non-infectious cystitis
First, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of non-infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, sperm cream, etc.
Treatment of cystitis develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, with the emphasis on suppressing pain (usually using pain relievers) and washing to reduce irritating contact with the bladder.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple family methods that can greatly promote this discomfort:
Use a heating pad.Place the heating pad on the lower abdomen, which will greatly relieve pain and heaviness in the pelvis.
Dehydration is not allowed.Drink a lot of liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, caffeinated non-alcoholic beverages, citrus juices; and spicy foods – until the symptoms of cystitis subside.These substances can stimulate the bladder and increase the frequency and intensity of urination.
Take a shower.Pour your pants in hot water for 15-20 minutes, which will significantly relieve pain and discomfort.
With recurring IMVP, discuss your personal best treatment and symptom treatment strategies with your doctor.
Prevent cystitis
Cranberry juice or tablets containing pro-aantocyanidine are generally recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence of bladder infection in some women.However, recent research has shown that these methods are not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try taking cranberry juice every day, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin as this combination can cause bleeding.
The following simple rules are useful for preventing cystitis:
Drink a lot of liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you are undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Warm more often.If you feel the urge to urinate, please do not postpone it to the toilet.
After defecation, rub the pants c on the front and back.This prevents bacteria from the anal areas of the vagina and urethra.
Take a shower, not take a shower.If you are prone to IMVP, refuse to take a bath and take a bath, as the water in the bathtub can help penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this every day, but don't use irritating soap and don't make energy and effort.On the fragile skin around these areas, irritation is prone to occur.
Bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a glass of water to go to the bathroom again soon.
Avoid deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics on the genital area.These substances can stimulate the urethra and bladder.